Abstract
The fractionation factor for oxygen isotope exchange between CO 2 and liquid water has been measured as 1.0409 ± 0.0002, in agreement with the recent value of O'Neil and Epstein. The temperature variation has been measured between 0–45°C and corresponds to about 0.2 per mil/°C in this range. Both the absolute value and the temperature variation are in agreement with theoretical calculations based on the most recent spectroscopic data. The experimental results have been compared with existing data on isotopic variations in atmospheric CO 2 and ocean waters. Atmospheric CO 2 over the oceans does not appear to be in local isotopic equilibrium with adjacent water, although to first order this exchange regulates the average composition of the CO 2 . Exchange with atmospheric water appears to be a significant factor in producing isotopic variations in CO 2 , and may be responsible for seasonal fluctuations and hemispheric differences. The correlations between 13 C and 18 O variations in CO 2 , and the effects of N 2 O contamination are discussed.
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