Abstract
In this work, oxygen functional groups (OFGs) was introduced into needle coke to increase sodium storage sites (CO) and tailor the interlayer distances from 3.44 to 3.84 Å for Na+ adsorption and intercalation. The OFGs are determined precisely using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry. Benefiting from the coordination of fast surface redox reaction kinetics and boosted Na+ intercalation process, the resulting material under optimal oxidization realizes a superior reversible capacity of 385 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, showing great potentials in the large-scale application for sodium ion batteries anodes.
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