Oxygen Discovery

Abstract

Oxygen, a non-metallic element classified within Group 16 (VIa) of the periodic table, is a colorless, odorless gas vital to sustaining life. Highly esteemed for its involvement in animal respiration and plant photosynthesis, oxygen engages with various elements, forming diverse compounds. It facilitates combustion, emitting heat and light. Its paramount compound, water, underscores its significance. Joseph Priestley, an English chemist and controversial theologian of the 18th century, made the groundbreaking discovery of oxygen. He observed oxygen's role in sustaining life and combustion through meticulous gas experiments, ultimately challenging the long-standing belief in air as an unalterable elemental substance. Key facts underscore the significance of oxygen: its composition in Earth's atmosphere at about 21%, the presence of ozone crucial for shielding Earth from harmful radiation, and its role as the third most abundant element in the universe. Additionally, while essential for life, excessive inhalation of pure oxygen can be harmful, leading to oxygen toxicity. Furthermore, oxygen's presence in water ensures the sustainability of oceans, a cornerstone for supporting life.