Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis of the individual, binary, ternary, and bismuth-based superconductor mixtures have been carried out to elucidate the excess oxygen content of the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu4O11+x. Our systematic approach eliminates the need to assume initial phase present, original oxygen content, and degree of reduction as in other TG studies. The excess oxygen content of the bismuth superconductor increases fromx=0.38 tox=0.64 after three heating cycles in oxygen atmosphere. Most of the excess oxygen is associated with the highly oxidized copper (Cu3+) in the superconducting phase/phases.
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