Abstract
Abstract Training near or at ventilatory threshold (VT) is an adequate stimulus to improve the thresholds for sedentary subjects, but a higher intensity is necessary for conditioned subjects. The choice of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPx) protocol has an influence on VTs identification and can reduce their reliability for exercise prescription. This study tested if VO2 and heart rate (HR) corresponding to first (VT1) and second ventilatory threshold (VT2) determined during a ramp protocol were equivalent to those observed in rectangular load exercises at the same intensity in runners elite athletes (EA) and non-athletes (NA). Eighteen health subjects were divided into two groups: EA (n = 9, VO2max 68.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) and NA (n = 9, VO2max 47.2 mL·kg-1·min-1). They performed CPx and 48h and 96h later, a continuous running lasting 1 h for VT1 and until exhaustion for VT2. The results showed that EA at VT1 session, presented delta differences for VO2 (+9.1%, p = 0.125) vs. NA (+20.5%, p = 0.012). The Bland-Altman plots for VT1 presented biases of (4.4 ± 6.9) and (5.5 ± 5.6 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) for AE and NA, respectively. In VT2, the VO2 and HR of the NA showed biases of (0.4 ± 2.9 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) and (4.9 ± 4.2 bpm). The ramp protocol used in this study was inappropriate for NA because it underestimates the values of VO2 and HR at VT1 found in the rectangular load exercise. The HR showed good agreement at VT2 with CPx and may be a good parameter for controlling exercise intensity.
Highlights
The cardiopulmonary exercise tes.t (CPx) is the gold standard when determining maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and in the prognosis and diagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease[1]
Individuals with different levels of physical performance like athletes and non-a.thletes perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPx) tests to improve training prescriptions obtained from VO2max fractions estimated by ventilatory threshold (VT), as submaximal control parameters during prolonged effort[2,3]
RER was higher for the elite athletes (EA) group in VT1 (p ≤ 0.05)
Summary
The cardiopulmonary exercise tes.t (CPx) is the gold standard when determining maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and in the prognosis and diagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease[1]. Individuals with different levels of physical performance like athletes and non-a.thletes perform CPx tests to improve training prescriptions obtained from VO2max fractions estimated by ventilatory threshold (VT), as submaximal control parameters during prolonged effort[2,3]. Ramp protocols allow individualisation of the test, more uniform haemodynamic responses and gas exchange and better prognosis, diagnosis and measurement of ventilatory thresholds than traditional staggered protocols[6]. The short duration of load changes in the ramp protocol may not show good reproducibility for prescription load on long-lasting exercise
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