Oxygen consumption and formation of recalcitrant organic carbon from the decomposition of free-floating macrophyte leachates.

Abstract

Aquatic macrophytes contain high levels of hydrosoluble compounds. These compounds disproportionately support microbial breakdown and affect biological oxygen demand in eutrophic waters. In this study, we investigated the fate of leachates from free-floating macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes) usually present in eutrophic tropical lacustrine environments. After extraction, the leachates were fractioned into high and low molecular weight compounds and incubated under aerobic conditions, in the dark and at 20.0 ± 1.3°C. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen and the total, dissolved, and particulate organic carbon (TOC, DOC, and POC) were determined during 60days. The selected leachates supported the detritus trophic chain of the Barra Bonita Reservoir. High rates of carbon transfer were measured, which were ascribed to the temperature selected (20°C), nutrient availability, and labile fractions of the leachates. Decomposition occurred mainly through catabolic pathways (mineralization), with the formation of POC (immobilization) being only minor. In the early stages of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes decomposition, the mineralization of leachates (mainly the low molecular weight) led to declines in dissolved oxygen. Owing to the low rates of mass loss, the recalcitrant fractions of these leachates should constitute the main forms of organic carbon exported from the reservoir.