Abstract
Oxygen carriers are metal oxide particles that could potentially enhance both fuel conversion and heat distribution in fluidized bed combustion, resulting in e.g., lowered emissions of unconverted species and better possibilities to utilize low-grade fuels. A related technology based on fluidized beds with oxygen carriers can separate CO2 without large energy penalties. These technologies are called oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC) and chemical-looping combustion (CLC), respectively. In the past few years, a large number of oxygen carriers have been suggested and evaluated for these purposes, many of which require complex production processes making them costly. Affordable metal oxide particles are, however, produced in large quantities as products and by-products in the metallurgical industries. Some of these materials have properties making them potentially suitable to use as oxygen carriers. Uniquely for Sweden, the use of oxygen carriers in combustion have been subject to commercialization. This paper reviews results from utilizing low-cost materials emerging from metallurgical industries for conversion of biomass and waste in semi-commercial and commercial fluidized bed boilers in Sweden. The paper further goes on to discuss practical aspect of utilizing oxygen carriers, such as production and transport within the unique conditions in Sweden, where biomass and waste combustion as well as metallurgical industries are of large scale. This study concludes that utilizing metal oxides in this way could be technically feasible and beneficial to both the boiler owners and the metallurgical industries.
Highlights
This study focuses on the use of oxygen carriers in the context of a related, and more readily available spinoff technology: Oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC)
The hypothesis behind this work is that the recent deployment of oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC) in Sweden provides unique insights into the practical application of oxygen carriers in biomass combustion technologies, which could serve as guidance for future developments
This study has investigated and discussed the potentials for using products and byproducts from metallurgical industries as oxygen carrying bed material in Fluidized bed combustion (FBC)
Summary
Biomass is an important source of energy and materials in the Nordic countries, especially in Sweden and Finland. According to Energiläget, the national energy status report published annually by the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten), 105 TWh of the primary energy generated in Sweden 2018 was from wood fuels, most of which is produced in Sweden [1] This corresponds to 19% of the total primary energy input to Sweden’s energy system. Waste is a broad term that includes both municipal solid waste (MSW) as well as other streams like recycled waste wood, and industrial wastes It covers fuel fractions with very different chemical compositions, moisture, heating value, ash, etc., and can consist of both renewable and non-renewable materials. When it comes to biomass fuels, the composition and fuel quality differ with biomass type
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
