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Abstract
Oxygen-18 tracer studies of snowmelt runoff in the Turkey Lakes watershed, Ontario, Canada indicate that 50–60% of the peak runoff is derived from premelt groundwater in storage in the surficial deposits. Groundwater in the stream valleys has relatively high alkalinity concentrations from silicate and minor detrital carbonate dissolution which neutralize much of the acidity in the meltwater component of runoff when it is discharged into the stream during meltwater infiltration. However shallow groundwater on the hillslopes is susceptible to acidification from infiltrating meltwater and rapid flushing to small, first-order streams. For this reason first-order headwater streams experience greater pH depression than do higher-order streams in well defined stream channels, despite having similar premelt components.
Published Version
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