Oxidized-LDL, Toll-like Receptor 4, Lipocalin 2 and Omentin1: Role in Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the major micro-vascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the main cause for end-stage kidney disease. In view of metabolic derangements of T2DM, we went further to investigate the role played by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and omentin-1 in DN. Patients and Methods: 15 normo-albuminuria T2DM, 15 micro-albuminuria T2DM and 15 macroalbuminuria T2DM in addition to 15 apparently healthy volunteer who served as control group were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Plasma Ox-LDL, omentin1 and urinary LCN2 levels by immunoassy and TLR4 mRNA level with real time PCR were assessed. Results: TLR4 gene expression, Plasma ox-LDL, urinary LCN2 levels were increased in T2DM cases as compared to their allied control group with the higher values were for macro-albuminuria Original Research Article Keshk and Esheba; IJBCRR, 11(4): 1-9, 2016; Article no.IJBCRR.25286 2 T2DM cases. Meanwhile Plasma omentin-1 level was decreased in T2DM cases when compared to their allied control group with least values were for macro-albuminuria T2DM cases. Also there were positive correlations between TLR4 mRNA, ox-LDL, urinary LCN2 levels and serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Meanwhile, omentin 1 showed negative correlations with serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusions: Ox-LDL, TLR4, LCN2 and omentin 1 may confer a relevant role in diabetic nephropathy development and progression.