Abstract
BackgroundConsumption of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats, result in an increase in obesity and consequently type 2 diabetes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of oxidised palm oil and sucrose (SOPO +S) on some metabolic parameters and to investigate the effects of aqueous extract from barks of Sclerocarrya birrea on SOPO + S induced damages.MethodsDuring 16 weeks, animals received every day a supplement of oxidised palm oil (10 %) and 10 % sucrose as drinking water). Control rat received standard diet and drinking water without sucrose. At the end of this period, animal presenting intolerance in glucose test and insensitivity to insulin were continuously feed with hypercaloric diet along with the administration of the plant extract (150 or 300 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) during three weeks. OGTT was performed; insulin sensitivity was assessed by performing insulin tolerance test and determining insulin sensitivity index (Kitt). Several parameters were evaluated including body weight, abdominal fat mass, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, and serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Oxidative parameters were measured by MDA levels, nitrites levels, SOD levels, reduced glutathione content and by enzyme activities of SOD and catalase.ResultsAnimal receiving a supplement of oxidised palm oil and sucrose showed hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and a significant increase in body weight and abdominal fat mass compared to normal rats. In addition, there was a significant increase of SOD in aorta and heart, nitrites in liver and kidney, malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart, liver and kidney. It was also observed a significant reduction in the activities of the SOD and catalase in liver, kidney and reduced glutathione levels in heart. Concomitant treatment of plant extract with SOPO + S brought glycaemia and blood pressure towards normal value, restored glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The plant extract prevent the increase or decrease in the activity of the enzyme depending to the organ, reduced MDA and nitrites levels.ConclusionThese results highlighted the hyperglycaemic and oxidant character of SOPO + S diet and confirm the hypoglycaemic, and antioxidant action of sclerocarya birrea aqueous extract in diabetes.
Highlights
Consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats, result in an increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Animals were raised in the Animal House of the Effects of aqueous extract of Sclerocarya birrea on oxidised palm oil and sucrose induced hyperglycemia Animals showing intolerance in glucose and insensitivity in insulin were divided into four groups made up of five rats each
Animals submitted to SOPO + S diet showed no significant variation in insulin sensitivity 20 min following the injection of insulin (Fig. 5b)
Summary
Consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats, result in an increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus refers to a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized mainly by hyperglycemia resulting from a lack of secretion and/or action of insulin [3] This affection is always associated with vascular complications including cardiovascular disorders like high blood pressure. It has been demonstrated that; aqueous extract from stem-barks of S. birrea reduces blood glucose in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats by the ability of the plant extract to induce insulin secretion [8]. Despite these studies of S. birrea plant, using chemical drugs to induce diabetes, we have investigated the effects of S. birrea in hypercaloric food consumption. We evaluated the effects of chronic use of oxidised palm oil and sucrose on metabolic parameters in normal rats and evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of S. birrea on these parameters
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