Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of benzocaine and tricaine methanesulfonate on oxidative stress parameters of juvenile tambaqui tissues. Fish (n=80) were anesthetized with benzocaine (100 mg L-1) or tricaine (240 mg L-1) and two control groups were used (non-anesthetized fish and fish exposed to ethanol-only). After anesthetic induction 10 fish/anesthetic were euthanized after 3, 12 and 24 hours post-anesthesia and tissue samplings (gills, liver and brain) were performed. Samples were submitted to analyses of enzyme activity glutathione-S-transferase (GST), cellular lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (ACAP). ACAP increased in gills of benzocaine treatment after 12 hours. The liver showed a reduction in ACAP of tricaine treatment after 12 hours. Both anesthetic treatments showed an increase of ACAP at 24 hours compared to control group. The activity of the GST enzyme increased in the gills for treatments benzocaine and tricaine after 3 and 12 hours. Liver showed increased GST activity (benzocaine after 24 hours and tricaine after 3 and 24 hours). Lipid damage decreased in gills (both anesthetics) and brain (tricaine) after 24 hours. The results demonstrate that benzocaine and tricaine did not cause oxidative damage in juvenile tambaqui under the experimental conditions herein established.
Highlights
The production of fish requires special attention during handling practices, such as biometrics, blood sampling and transport which are proceduresAn Acad Bras Cienc (2017) 89 (3 Suppl.)Many chemicals are used for fish anesthesia, among which the most commonly used are MS222 and benzocaine; besides these, quinaldine, 2- phenoxyethanol, metomidate and Aqui-STM are frequently used (Gomes et al 2001, Coyle et al 2004, Sneddon 2012, Vera et al 2013).Tricaine, known as MS-222 or tricaine methanesulfonate is a benzocaine isomer with a sulfonate radical, being a water- and lipid-soluble substance (Popovic et al 2012)
Fish anesthetized with tricaine showed a significant decrease (p
Enhanced GST activity was observed in gills and liver of fish exposed to either anesthetics, which can be interpreted as an attempt to detoxify the drugs in these tissues
Summary
The production of fish requires special attention during handling practices, such as biometrics, blood sampling and transport which are proceduresAn Acad Bras Cienc (2017) 89 (3 Suppl.)Many chemicals are used for fish anesthesia, among which the most commonly used are MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) and benzocaine; besides these, quinaldine, 2- phenoxyethanol, metomidate and Aqui-STM are frequently used (Gomes et al 2001, Coyle et al 2004, Sneddon 2012, Vera et al 2013).Tricaine, known as MS-222 or tricaine methanesulfonate is a benzocaine isomer with a sulfonate radical, being a water- and lipid-soluble substance (Popovic et al 2012). Preliminary data from our research group (L.A.L. Barbas et al, personal communication) indicated that the effective anesthetic concentration of tricaine for juvenile tambaqui without causing mortality is 240 mg L-1. Personal communication) indicated that the effective anesthetic concentration of tricaine for juvenile tambaqui without causing mortality is 240 mg L-1 Another anesthetic, benzocaine (ethyl p-aminobenzoate), is the most commonly used fish anesthetic in Brazil, mainly because it is an easy-to-purchase, safe-to-users and cost-effective product (Gimbo et al 2008). Gomes et al (2001) evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of benzocaine for tambaqui, and the concentration of 100 mg L-1 was recommended for this species as a safe concentration without causing mortality Many studies have been conducted on the anesthetic potential of benzocaine for different species, such as the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Heo and Shin 2010), matrinxã, Brycon cephalus (Inoue et al 2004), pompano, Trachinotus marginatus (Okamoto et al 2009) and fat snook, Centropomus parallelus (Souza et al 2012). Gomes et al (2001) evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of benzocaine for tambaqui, and the concentration of 100 mg L-1 was recommended for this species as a safe concentration without causing mortality
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