Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyquanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in tears and their correlation with the clinical activity score (CAS) in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) according to disease activity.MethodsWe recruited 27 participants with inactive stage GO, 35 participants with active stage GO, and 25 healthy controls without GO. The tear concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between CAS and the concentrations of tear 8-OHdG and MDA were analyzed according to the disease activity in the GO patients.ResultsThe levels of 8-OHdG and MDA were 56.30 ± 16.81 ng/mL and 5.39 ± 1.31 pmol/mg, respectively, in the control subjects, and 123.46 ± 22.67 ng/mL and 13.59 ± 3.93 pmol/mg, respectively, in patients with inactive stage GO, and 215.14 ± 35.61 ng/mL and 22.52 ± 4.63 pmol/mg, in patients with active stage GO. The mean concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were higher in patients with inactive and active stage GO compared with the control group (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the active stage group, tear concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were higher than those in the inactive stage group (all P < 0.001). The level of 8-OHdG (r = 0.676, P < 0.001) and MDA (r = 0.506, P = 0.002) correlated with CAS in the active stage GO group.ConclusionsThe concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA in tears increased in patients with GO, especially in those in the active stage. In patients with active stage GO, CAS correlated significantly with the tear 8-OHdG and MDA levels.
Highlights
To investigate the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyquanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in tears and their correlation with the clinical activity score (CAS) in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) according to disease activity
The pathogenesis of GO in Graves’ disease (GD) considerably rests on the existence of an inflamed cell infiltrate mainly made up of activated T cells that, in turn, trigger secretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by the activated orbital fibroblasts, further inducing orbital fibrosis and edema [4]
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of increased oxidative stress marker levels in the tear fluid and their correlation with the CAS in GO patients according to disease activity
Summary
To investigate the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyquanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in tears and their correlation with the clinical activity score (CAS) in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) according to disease activity. Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (eye disease), known as Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and, Graves’ ophthalmopathy is partly an autoimmune disease which can affect the periorbital and orbital tissues, and thyroid gland. It has been recently reported that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of GO. Increased levels of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been noted in the fibroadipose tissues, blood, orbital fibroblasts, and urine of GO patients [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Factors known to worsen oxidative stress, including cigarette smoking
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