Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Hypertension can originate in the early stages of life. A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which is characterized as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) disequilibrium, has a pivotal role in the hypertension of developmental origins. Results from animal studies support the idea that early-life oxidative stress causes developmental programming in prime blood pressure (BP)-controlled organs such as the brain, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels, leading to hypertension in adult offspring. Conversely, perinatal use of antioxidants can counteract oxidative stress and therefore lower BP. This review discusses the interaction between oxidative stress and developmental programming in hypertension. It will also discuss evidence from animal models, how oxidative stress connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of antioxidant therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent the hypertension of developmental origins.
Highlights
Hypertension is the number one risk factor for global deaths, affecting one in three adults across the world [1,2]
There is considerable evidence supporting the idea that oxidative stress is involved in the hypertension of developmental origins and that antioxidant therapy is a potential preventive strategy
Considering promising data from animal studies, it seems logical to think that antioxidant therapy is a potential reprogramming strategy for the oxidative-stress-induced hypertension of developmental origins
Summary
Hypertension is the number one risk factor for global deaths, affecting one in three adults across the world [1,2]. Significant interest has recently focused on the fact that the origins of hypertension can begin in early life [3–5] This concept, based on observing that the developing fetus being exposed to adverse conditions in utero increases the risk for chronic diseases happening later in life, has been termed as the “developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)” [6]. The DOHaD concept, besides determining the early-life risk for the developmental programming of hypertension, offers a novel way to prevent hypertension by reprogramming therapy [11]. Attempts will be made to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the hypertension of developmental origins, its associations with the core mechanisms of developmental programming behind hypertension, and the potential of antioxidant therapy as a novel preventive strategy for the hypertension of developmental origins. Additional studies were selected based on references from eligible articles
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