Oxidative Stress in Periodontitis

Pradnya Shree Dhotre,Adinath N Suryakar,Rajashree B Bhogade

doi:10.29333/ejgm/82469

Abstract

Periodontitis is one of the most common oral infections induced by bacteria and bacterial products of dental plaque. Cigarette smoking is considered to be a risk factor for periodontitis. However, the exact mechanism by which smoking exerts its deleterious effects on periodontium remains unclear. Therefore the present study was planned to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal damage in terms of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants. A total of 75 subjects were included in the study. Out of these, 25 were healthy controls, 25 were nonsmoker periodontitis patients and 25 were smoker periodontitis patients. All subjects were screened for serum lipid peroxide, nitric oxide and antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase along with total antioxidant capacity. A significant increase in serum lipid peroxide and nitric oxide with a corresponding decrease in serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity was observed in both groups of periodontitis patients. Further, it was noticed that the oxidant levels were significantly higher and antioxidants were significantly lower in smoker patients than non-smoker patients. Thus, smoking plays a pivotal role in enhancing oxidative burden in periodontitis.

Highlights

IntroductionPeriodontitis is an oral inflammatory disorder that gives rise to tissue damage and loss, as a result of the complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host’sReceived: 19.09.2011, Accepted: 05.02.2012 immune response [1]
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disorder that gives rise to tissue damage and loss, as a result of the complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host’sReceived: 19.09.2011, Accepted: 05.02.2012 immune response [1]
Evidence is accumulating which suggest that oxygen derived free radicals and their products play an important role in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorder like periodontitis

Summary

Introduction

Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disorder that gives rise to tissue damage and loss, as a result of the complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host’sReceived: 19.09.2011, Accepted: 05.02.2012 immune response [1]. Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disorder that gives rise to tissue damage and loss, as a result of the complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host’s. Evidence is accumulating which suggest that oxygen derived free radicals and their products play an important role in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorder like periodontitis. Free radical may be defined as “any species capable of independent. Oxidative stress in periodontitis existence that contains one or more unpaired electrons.”. Prime targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. Nitric oxide (NO), a short lived free radical is a unique biological messenger molecule involved in neurotransmission, vasodilatation and immune regulation. Altered NO production has been reported in the pathogenesis of a number of disease processes including periodontitis [3]

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