Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress generated during long aerobic exercise, with the minimum dose yet to be elucidated for physically active subjects. In this study, we performed a dose finding with re-esterified DHA in triglyceride form in a randomized double-blind parallel trial at different doses (350, 1050, 1750, and 2450 mg a day) for 4 weeks in males engaged in regular cycling (n = 100, 7.6 ± 3.7 h/week). The endogenous antioxidant capacity of DHA was quantified as a reduction in the levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) recollected in 24-h urine samples after 90 min of constant load cycling before and after intervention. To ascertain incorporation of DHA, erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition was compared along groups. We found a dose-dependent antioxidant capacity of DHA from 1050 mg with a trend to neutralization for the highest dose of 2450 mg (placebo: n = 13, F = 0.041; 350 mg: n = 10, F = 0.268; 1050 mg: n = 11, F = 7.112; 1750 mg: n = 12, F = 9.681; 2450 mg: n = 10, F = 15.230). In the erythrocyte membrane, the re-esterified DHA increased DHA and omega-3 percentage and decreased omega 6 and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, while Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and PUFA remained unchanged. Supplementation of re-esterified DHA exerts a dose-dependent endogenous antioxidant property against moderate-intensity long-duration aerobic exercise in physically active subjects when provided at least 1050 mg a day for 4 weeks.
Highlights
Omega-3 have been studied for its health benefits during the last decades [1,2]
They represent a broad family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with the most active compounds probably being the double bond molecules EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n-3) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6n-3), which exhibit different biochemical behaviors when administered [3,4,5], they should not be interpreted as the same intervention treatment [6,7]
One gap we found in the literature is that the impact of DHA on oxidative stress in healthy physically active people has not been studied before, results from this assessment would serve as a reference to healthy subjects engaged in regular exercise
Summary
Omega-3 have been studied for its health benefits during the last decades [1,2] They represent a broad family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with the most active compounds probably being the double bond molecules EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n-3) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6n-3), which exhibit different biochemical behaviors when administered [3,4,5], they should not be interpreted as the same intervention treatment [6,7]. A model that employs modest-intensity and long-duration aerobic exercise in trained subjects can serve as a model to assess the antioxidant capacity of DHA at different doses. One gap we found in the literature is that the impact of DHA on oxidative stress in healthy physically active people has not been studied before, results from this assessment would serve as a reference to healthy subjects engaged in regular exercise
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