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Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition that mainly affects the skin (cutaneous LP, CLP) and oral mucosa (oral LP, OLP). However, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully elucidated. Over time, several theories that could explain the appearance of LP lesions have been postulated. The key players in LP pathogenesis are the inflammatory infiltrate consisting of T cells and the proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokines stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species that induce cell apoptosis, a defining element encountered in LP. The lead inquiry triggered by this revolves around the role of oxidative stress in LP development. There are currently numerous studies showing the involvement of oxidative stress in OLP, but in terms of CLP, data are scarce. In this review, we analyze for the first time the currently existing studies on oxidative stress in CLP and summarize the results in order to assess the role of oxidative stress in skin lesions offering a fresher updated perspective.
Highlights
Oxidative stress represents the disturbance of the balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in favor of prooxidants
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) include oxygen radicals and non-radicals, which act as oxidizing agents or are converted to radicals when two free radicals react and share their unpaired electrons, non-radical results [4,5]
This review aims to present and discuss the role of oxidative stress in Cutaneous LP (CLP), offering a fresher and updated perspective on this topic
Summary
Oxidative stress represents the disturbance of the balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in favor of prooxidants. In chemical reactions, a free radical can act as an oxidizing agent, receiving an electron from other species, or as a reducing agent, by donating an electron to other species. Regarding the definition of oxidative stress, in recent years, more emphasis has been placed on the fact that it involves the alteration of redox signaling, the alteration of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance passing on in the background [3]. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) include oxygen radicals and non-radicals, which act as oxidizing agents or are converted to radicals when two free radicals react and share their unpaired electrons, non-radical results [4,5]
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