Oxidative Stress Impacts on Exercising of Skeletal Muscles

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be raised in skeletal muscle as a result of muscular contractions during exercise. These extremely reactive compounds have several harmful consequences, including decreased force production and higher muscular wasting. Numerous studies have shown that ROS generated during exercise also have beneficial benefits by altering cellular processes that result in enhanced expression of antioxidants, since the discovery of exercise-induced oxidative stress some decades ago. Evidence has mounted that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during physical activity also yield benefits by modulating cellular mechanisms that result in elevated production of antioxidants. To neutralize free radicals and stop the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), these molecules are specially raised in frequently exercising muscles. Furthermore, ROS appears to play a role in the adaptation of the muscle phenotypic brought on by exercise. An overview of the research to date on the effects of ROS during muscle exercise is given in this review. These elements include the origins of ROS, their cellular effects—both beneficial and detrimental—the function of antioxidants, and the current body of knowledge about the adaptations of muscle cells to exercise that are dependent on ROS