Abstract
Oxidative stress condition arises during imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants of diverse origin damaging both structure and function of tissues. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a cofactor during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection course involved in many aspects of disease pathogenesis as viral replication, inflammatory responses, decreased immune cell proliferation, loss of immune function, cellular apoptosis, chronic weight loss, and increased sensitivity to drug toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview of the oxidative metabolism pathways involved in HIV infection, examine the potential impact of antirretroviral toxicity on oxidative damage and argue how the response contribute to co-morbidities. Moreover, we also discuss recent reports from observational and interventional studies which have led to an increasing interest in the possible benefits of micronutrient supplementation as a cost-effective strategy for improving oxidative and nutritional status in HIV infection. The general strategy and combination of these interventions represent an important complementary deal for HIV infection treatment in the era of high active antiretroviral therapy.
Highlights
Free radical (FR)-rich primordial context, and the simultaneous development of antioxidants, were important for life improvement
We provide an overview of the oxidative metabolism pathways involved in HIV infection, examine the potential impact of antirretroviral toxicity on oxidative damage and argue how the response contribute to co-morbidities
We discuss recent reports from observational and interventional studies which have led to an increasing interest in the possible benefits of micronutrient supplementation as a cost-effective strategy for improving oxidative and nutritional status in HIV infection
Summary
Free radical (FR)-rich primordial context, and the simultaneous development of antioxidants, were important for life improvement. In research studies by Sonnerborg et al (1988), Stephens (2004), Pasupthi et al (2009), Coaccioli, et al (2010), Awodele et al (2012), Redhage et al (2009), Stephensen, et al (2007) and Wanchu et al (2009) the OS characterization has been made in populations from several countries and different risk groups using case-controls, cross-sectional and interventions studies These researches show imbalance in redox status during the infection course which could be related to oxidative molecular damage, viral replication, micronutrient deficiency and inflammatory chronic response, all of them implicated in cellular apoptosis and decreased immune proliferation.
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