Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. It occurs when the production of free radicals exceeds the capacity of antioxidant defenses. It has been linked to various perinatal diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, and many human diseases. 1 Pregnancy is a physiological state that is accompanied by a high-energy demand and increased oxygen requirement. Various compensatory adaptive changes also occur with advancing pregnancy to meet the increasing requirements of the mother and fetus. This may be responsible for increased oxidative stress in pregnancy. Several clinical studies document by different biomarkers that oxidative stress and the overproduction of oxidant radicals occur in all human diabetic pregnancies, which include gestational diabetic pregnancy, and in diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2. 2,3
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