Abstract
Aims Few research was reported to explore oxidative stress in individuals with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Therefore, our goal is to study oxidative stress and related factors in LADA patients. Methods In this study, 250 Chinese inpatients were diagnosed with LADA (n = 110) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 140) and 140 healthy volunteers were recruited. Moreover, individuals with LADA were followed for 6 months to evaluate whether short-term glycemic control during hospitalization can improve oxidative stress. Clinical and laboratory measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipids, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were performed. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to assess factors that related to oxidative stress in individuals with LADA. Results Compared with patients with type 2 diabetes, individuals with LADA have better oxidative stress and worse oxidative stress than healthy volunteers. After multiple regression analyses, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy were associated with 8-iso-PGF2α and HbA1c. Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic ketosis were associated with SOD in individuals with LADA. Our results also revealed that, after 6 months of follow-up, oxidative stress was improved to some extent in persons with LADA. Conclusions Our results show that compared with type 2 diabetes, LADA means less oxidative stress, and compared with healthy volunteers, it means more oxidative stress. Systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and ketosis were associated with oxidative stress in individuals with LADA. Furthermore, short-term glycemic control can improve oxidative stress to some extent in individuals with LADA.
Highlights
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a kind of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes [1], which shows the features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Individuals with LADA had lower body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total triglycerides (TG), and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with type 2 diabetes, but there was no significant difference between LADA and healthy volunteers
Our findings revealed that individuals with LADA imply less oxidative stress compared to type 2 diabetes and more oxidative stress compared to healthy volunteers
Summary
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a kind of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes [1], which shows the features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunogenetic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics that are unique to LADA have been extensively studied [2, 3]. Compared with patients with type 2 diabetes, LADA patients have poorer blood sugar control and insulin deficiency [4]. Defining the unique characteristics of LADA helps to understand the progression of the disease and its complications, which will contribute to early prevention and treatment of the condition as well as subsequent tissue damage. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense systems [5, 6]. Many studies [10] have observed that the stable 8-iso-PGF2α level in patients with type 2 diabetes is significantly higher than that of healthy people or nondiabetic patients. People have long recognized that SOD high levels of excessive reactive oxygen
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