Oxidative Stress and Dietary Fat Type in Relation to Periodontal Disease.

Alfonso Varela-López,Francesca Giampieri,Pedro Bullón,Mario Cordero,José L Quiles

doi:10.3390/antiox4020322

Alfonso Varela-López, Francesca Giampieri + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4020322

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is one of the main factors studied to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis. In this respect, nutrition may be of great importance. Actually, research on nutrients’ effects on periodontal diseases has expanded to include those influencing the redox status, which correlates to the inflammatory process. Dietary fat or lipids are often blamed as the major source of excess energy. Consequently, when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure, the resultant substrate-induced increase in citric acid cycle activity generates an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, dietary fatty acid intake influences in relative fatty acid composition of biological membranes determining its susceptibility to oxidative alterations. From this standpoint, here, we reviewed studies analyzing the dietary fat role in periodontal disease. Research data suggest that periodontal health could be achieved by main dietary strategies which include substitution of saturated fats with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3 PUFA. Maybe in the future, we should analyze the diet and provide some advice to periodontitis patients to improve treatment outcomes.

Highlights

One of the main open questions regarding periodontal diseases is to know all the aetiological and pathogenic processes involved
Results suggest that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) positive effects might be because fatty acids (FAs) allow mitochondrial to maintain turnover through biogenesis or autophagy, and they seem to induce the corresponding antioxidant systems to counteract age-related oxidative stress, without inhibiting the mitochondrial electron transport chain [105]
It is known that the main systemic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease can be prevented with the control of risk factors

Summary

Introduction

One of the main open questions regarding periodontal diseases is to know all the aetiological and pathogenic processes involved. In the last few years, the importance of the host response has increased markedly [1,2,3] In this respect, nutrition may be of great importance since it has been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, all of which have been associated with periodontitis [4]. In this review, we collect research on periodontal disease and fat, both in humans and animals, with the aim to clarify the possible influence of these components of the diet and establish the most appropriate advice for prevention and treatment of this disease

Periodontal Disease and Oxidative Stress

Dietary Fat and Oxidative Stress

Dietary Lipids and Periodontitis

Conclusions