Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa characterized by painful, well-circumscribed, single or multiple round or ovoid ulcerations. The exact etiologic factor(s) of these ulcerations are not yet understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate inflammatory processes and free radical metabolism of 25 patients with RAUs compared to 25 healthy controls. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-12 were determined by ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured spectroscopically in serum. The levels of MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12, MPO, and TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher, and the levels of NO, IL-10, and TAS were lower in patients with RAU than in controls. Statistical analysis showed that GSH, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, and OSI differed significantly in patients with RAU compared to controls. These parameters have important roles in oxidant/antioxidant defense.
Highlights
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a lesion of the oral mucosa that is characterized by multiple recurrent, small, round or ovoid ulcers with circumscribed margins, erythematous haloes and yellow or gray floors [1,2,3]
MDA (P=0.596), GSH (P=0.002), MPO (P=0.571), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) (P=0.004), IL-2 (P=0.001), IL-12 (P=0.384), total oxidant status (TOS) (P=0.198), and oxidative stress index (OSI) (P=0.006) levels increased in the RAU group compared to the control group
Nitric oxide (NO) (P=0.089), IL-10 (P=0.001) and total antioxidant status (TAS) (P=0.304) levels decreased in the RAU group compared to the control group
Summary
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a lesion of the oral mucosa that is characterized by multiple recurrent, small, round or ovoid ulcers with circumscribed margins, erythematous haloes and yellow or gray floors [1,2,3]. RAU lesions are very commonly observed in the oral mucosa, the exact etiological factor(s) are not yet understood. Contributing factors include allergies, genetic predisposition, hormonal influences, hematologic abnormalities, immunologic factors, infectious agents, nutritional deficiencies, smoking cessation, stress, and trauma. These factors have a direct or indirect potential for disturbing the equilibrium between oxidant and antioxidant systems in humans. Mammalian cells have developed enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems to prevent oxidative damage caused by oxidative stress [8]
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