Abstract
BackgroundOxidative stress causes biochemical changes in lipids and proteins; these changes can induce damage to the vascular endothelium and create maternal complications that are characteristic of preeclampsia. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative profile of lipoproteins isolated from women with preeclampsia. MethodsThirty women diagnosed with preeclampsia and thirty women without preeclampsia were included in the study. Lipid-damage biomarkers, including conjugated dienes, lipohydroperoxides and malondialdehyde, were measured. The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, the formation of dityrosines, and the carbonylation of proteins were assessed as indicators of protein damage. The protective activity of HDL-c was evaluated by the paraoxonase-I activity present on the HDL-c particles. Serum lipid profiles were also quantified in both groups. Data were analysed using Student’s t test and the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsOur results demonstrated in PE women evident oxidative changes in the lipids and proteins in HDL-c and LDL-c particles and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme PON-I decreased 59.9%. HDL-c exhibited self-defence, as demonstrated by the negative correlation between paraoxonase-I activity and the formation of lipohydroperoxides in HDL-c (r = −0.3755, p < 0.005).ConclusionsLDL-c and HDL-c isolated from women with preeclampsia show oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. We propose an oxidative profile based on the oxidation levels indicated by each of the markers used. We also found that paraoxonase-I is inactivated in the presence of lipohydroperoxides. Antioxidant support might be helpful to reduce oxidative stress in patients with preeclampsia. Further investigations are necessary to define the association between antioxidant activities and preeclampsia.
Highlights
Oxidative stress causes biochemical changes in lipids and proteins; these changes can induce damage to the vascular endothelium and create maternal complications that are characteristic of preeclampsia
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of lipid and protein oxidation in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-c and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-c lipoproteins isolated from pregnant women with PE
These studies conclude that Low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-c) and High density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-c) particles are more susceptible to oxidative modification and that the plasma concentration of LDL-c particles but not HDL-c particles is increased in PE [10], results that are consistent with the current investigation (Table 1)
Summary
Oxidative stress causes biochemical changes in lipids and proteins; these changes can induce damage to the vascular endothelium and create maternal complications that are characteristic of preeclampsia. Putative risk factors for PE include nulliparity, family history of PE and chronic hypertension, maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low dietary and plasma antioxidants. The cause of PE is largely unknown, but placentation is an important predisposing factor [3]. Whatever the cause of impaired trophoblast invasion, the resulting inadequacy of placental perfusion likely results in oxidative stress by the following mechanisms. The maintenance of the muscular coat of the spiral artery may lead to intermittent placental perfusion because the spiral arteries would retain susceptibility to maternal humoural and neuronal constrictor influences [4]. Together with frequent thrombotic occlusion followed by clot dissolution, this interrupted perfusion may lead to a repeated hypoxia/reoxygenation
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