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Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is today used as an alternative to surgery for the excision of cancer lesions. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative and cytotoxic effects the cells undergo during irreversible electroporation using IRE protocols. To do so, we used IRE-inducing pulsed electric fields (PEFs) (eight pulses of 0.1 ms duration and 2–4 kV/cm intensity) and compared their effects to those of PEFs of intensities below the electroporation threshold (eight pulses, 0.1 ms, 0.2–0.4 kV/cm) and the PEFs involving elongated pulses (eight pulses, 10 ms, 0.2–0.4 kV/cm). Next, to follow the morphology of the melanoma cell membranes after treatment with the PEFs, we analyzed the permeability and integrity of their membranes and analyzed the radical oxygen species (ROS) bursts and the membrane lipids’ oxidation. Our data showed that IRE-induced high cytotoxic effect is associated both with irreversible cell membrane disruption and ROS-associated oxidation, which is occurrent also in the low electric field range. It was shown that the viability of melanoma cells characterized by similar ROS content and lipid membrane oxidation after PEF treatment depends on the integrity of the membrane system. Namely, when the effects of the PEF on the membrane are reversible, aside from the high level of ROS and membrane oxidation, the cell does not undergo cell death.
Highlights
Ablation techniques are commonly used in medicine for the removal of diseased tissues [1,2]
Melanoma cells were suspended in the electroporation buffer with Yo-Pro and instantly treated with the electric field
The results presented show the potency of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) in vitro treatments of human melanotic melanoma cells (A375), IREof protocols
Summary
Ablation techniques are commonly used in medicine for the removal of diseased (especially cancerous) tissues [1,2]. Ablation might be divided into chemoablation and physical ablation [7,8,9]. The former involves, for instance, the use of chemicals, e.g., ethanol, hypertonic saline, or acetic acid directly to the tissue [10]. Cryoablation is used in surgical oncology for small prostate tumors, renal cell carcinoma and breast cancer treatments [11,12,13] as a treatment for cardiac ablation for patients with arrhythmias [14,15] and in dermatology, where it is used for rejuvenation of aged skin and removal of skin spots and lesions [16,17]
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