Abstract
Catalytic properties of various metal phosphates and binary oxides containing bismuth or tin for the oxidation of propylene have been studied at 300–600 °C. The active catalysts are divided into two groups: one has high selectivity for benzene formation (oxidative dehydroaromatization), and another is effective for acrolein formation. Bismuth salt catalysts, such as phosphate, arsenate, basic sulfate, and titanate, belong to the former; whereas bismuth molybdate belongs to the latter. In the case of stannic oxide, benzene formation is highly enhanced by addition of basic oxides; whereas acrolein formation is promoted by acidic oxides. These facts indicate that Bi 3+ and Sn 4+ ions provide the adsorption sites for the allylic intermediate under the influence of adjacent M n+ -O 2− groups, and that the course of reaction depends on the acid-base properties of the adsorption sites. The acid-base properties are considered to influence the nature of the adsorbed allylic species (radical- or cation-like). Selectivity of reaction is discussed from this point of view.
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