Abstract
The toxicity of high concentrations of sodium chloride creates significant difficulties in realizing the productivity potential of wheat. The development of effective test systems for the identification and selection of resistant genotypes is an urgent task given the global increase in soil salinity in agricultural land. To identify the characteristics of the plant’s reaction to the toxic effect of sodium chloride, wheat genotypes with different resistance to ionic toxicity (the Orenburgskaya 10 and Orenburgskaya 22 varieties) were used. In model experiments, we used fluorescence, light-optical and electron microscopy to characterize the structural and functional features of the cells of the roots of wheat seedlings, and cytological markers suitable for creating a test system for the early diagnosis of the sensitivity of wheat genotypes to sodium chloride were established. The response of the plants to the effects of sodium chloride was assessed by changes in biometric data, respiration rate, peculiarities in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial staining, and the quantitative assessment of coleoptile cell viability as putative sensitivity markers. In the sodium chloride-sensitive genotype (Orenburgskaya 10), toxic effects resulted in oxidative damage in the root cells, while in the resistant genotype (Orenburgskaya 22), oxidative damage to the cells was minimal. A high level of expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was found in the roots of the Orenburgskaya 22 variety. The identification and functional analysis of cytological and molecular markers provide the basis for further studies of the resistance of wheat to sodium chloride stress.
Highlights
Under natural conditions, plants are frequently subject to various stresses, such as drought, salinization, extreme temperatures, and the presence of heavy metals in the environment, which can seriously affect their growth and development [1]
One of the visible effects of salinization is a violation in the growth of the seedlings
Despite the varying degrees of impact on various growth processes, the result in all cases is the inhibition of root and shoot growth., The degree to which these indicators are manifest is related to Morphometric assessment of the seedlings allows us to evaluate the changes more clearly (Figure 3)
Summary
Plants are frequently subject to various stresses, such as drought, salinization, extreme temperatures, and the presence of heavy metals in the environment, which can seriously affect their growth and development [1]. Biochemical and molecular functions of plants, and lead to a decrease in productivity and the quality of crops around the world [2]. Stress causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radicals −. As a result of peroxidation and destruction of macromolecules, cell membranes are damaged, which leads to cell death [3,4]. ROS production is strictly controlled by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, thioredoxin, and glutathione. SOD can serve as an effective absorber of ROS, catalyzing the decomposition of anion radicals of superoxide (O2 − ) to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which is subsequently converted to non-toxic water and oxygen
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
