Abstract
In the last six chapters we discussed the transition metal catalyzed carbonylative activation of organohalogen (C–X, X = I, Br, Cl, OTf, etc.) compounds. They all have one common point in their reaction mechanism; taking a palladium catalyst, for example, the reactions start with Pd(0) and then go to Pd(II) after an oxidative addition. To summarize, the reactions all go through Pd(0) to Pd(II) and a Pd(0) cycle. But for oxidative carbonylation reactions, the reactions go through Pd(II) to Pd(0) and a Pd(II) cycle. Clearly, oxidative carbonylations need additional oxidants to reoxidize the Pd(0) to Pd(II), and various organic nucleophiles were applied as substrates in the presence of CO. One of the most obvious advantages for oxidative carbonylation reactions is the oxidative addition step can be avoid which is more reluctant under CO atmosphere.
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