Oxidative and Cellular Stress Markers in Postmenopause Women with Diabetes: The Impact of Years of Menopause.

Carolain Felipin Vincensi Anklam,Thiago Gomes Heck,Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin,Mirna Stela Ludwig,Matias Nunes Frizzo,Analú Bender Dos Santos,Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber,Lucas Machado Sulzbacher,Yana Picinin Sandri Lissarassa,Andrea Scaramuzza

doi:10.1155/2021/3314871

Abstract

Women live approximately one-third of their lives in postmenopause. Among postmenopausal women, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. These conditions promote alterations in the oxidative, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory profiles marked by higher extracellular 72 kDa-heat shock protein (eHSP72). Here, we investigated whether the time of menopause is associated with oxidative cellular stress marker levels in postmenopausal women with DM2. Sixty-four women were recruited (56.7 ± 12.6 years old) in the pre- (n = 22) and postmenopause (n = 42) period, with (n = 19) or without DM2 (n = 45), and a fasting blood collection was made for the evaluation of metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers. We found that menopause and DM2 influenced metabolic and oxidative parameters and presented synergistic effects on the plasma lipoperoxidation levels. Also, postmenopausal women had the highest eHSP72 concentration levels associated with the years in postmenopause. We conclude that the time of menopause impacts the markers of cellular stress and increases the risk of oxidative stress, mainly when it is associated with DM2.

Highlights

Population aging observed in most countries has led women to live one-third of their lives in the postmenopausal condition [1]
We evaluated the waist-to-hip ratio by the direct quotient between waist and hip circumference, classified according to the cut points recommended by World Health Organization [16]
We evaluated the adiposity index usipngffiffiffiffitffihffiffiffieffiffiffiffieffiffiqffiffiuffiffiffiaffi tion Adiposity Index = 1⁄2HC ðcmÞ/height ðmÞ × height ðmÞ − 18 [17] and the conicity index acpcoffirffiffidffiffiffiiffinffiffigffiffiffiffiffitffioffiffiffiffiffitffihffiffiffieffiffiffiffifffioffiffiffirffiffimffiffiffiuffiffiffilffiaffiffiffiffiConicity Index = waist circumference (WC) ðmÞ/0:109 × weight ðkgÞ/height ðmÞ

Summary

Introduction

Population aging observed in most countries has led women to live one-third of their lives in the postmenopausal condition [1]. Menopause marks the end of the reproductive life and is characterized by the decline of 17β-estradiol levels. It predisposes to oxidative stress [2], vasomotor symptoms [3], osteoporosis, and chronic diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) [4]. DM2 is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in postmenopausal women and is characterized by metabolic disorders, as well as a chronic low-grade inflammatory and oxidative disbalance. The global (metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory) impairment that characterizes DM2 can increase the susceptibility to complications when associated with low estrogen levels [6]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion