Abstract
Abstract Thiosulfate (S2O32−) hosts redox stability in time frame of days, rendering it a candidate ion exchange competitor in anoxic groundwaters during the brief time frames of treatment processes. Indeed, this research determined that the oxyanion thiosulfate (S2O32−) competed with perchlorate (ClO4−) for sorption onto activated carbons that had been preloaded with a quaternary ammonium surfactant. Moreover, this research showed that when proper prechlorination oxidized this S2O32− to sulfate (SO42−), this competition was diminished. When rapid small-scale column test employed Redlands, CA, groundwater that contained a native 30 μg/L ClO4−, this exhibited a 6 μg/L ClO4− breakthrough after 33,000 bed volumes (BVs) when processed through bituminous-based granular-activated carbon that had been preloaded with a quaternary ammonium surfactant, namely, 0.24 g/g dicocoalkyldimethylammonium chloride (Arquad 2C-75). When this same water was spiked with 1,000 μg/L S2O32−, 6 μg/L of ClO4− broke through at 17,000...
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