Abstract
The vapor-phase oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol over copper catalyst supported on alumina has similar features to those described for the homogeneous system. The mechanism of reaction involves cupric benzoate as the principal intermediate and the rate of its formation on the catalyst surface is the rate-determining step. Molecular oxygen reoxidizes the reduced copper species of catalyst. No oxidation of phenol occurs on the catalyst in an inert atmosphere. The oxidation of benzoic acid in the presence of optimal concentration of oxygen and water follows a first-order rate equation with the rate constant k = 0.124 ± 0.014 hr −1 at 285 °C and the apparent activation energy 63.0 ± 4.5 kJ mol −1.
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