Abstract
The oxidation behavior of high-purity poly crystalline bismuth in air has been investigated between 500 and 530° K for exposure times up to 20,000 min. The weight gain at a given temperature follows a parabolic kinetic law between 10 and 100 min, after which the rate abruptly decreases; the degree of this drop becomes greater the higher the temperature. Introduction of moisture in air increases the rate constant without changing the apparent activation energy for oxidation. The addition of as little as 0.1 at.% Pb, Sb, Tl, In, Te, or Sn completely eliminates the 100 min transition observed in pure bismuth, and radically changes the oxidation parameters. The results are explained in terms of an amorphous oxide layer which can form dangling bonds in the presence of moisture, or can be doped by the addition of appropriate impurities to the metal.
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