Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress before and after breast cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was tested using a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay based on the release of a color complex due to TBA reaction with MDA. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The level of total glutathione (reduced GSH and oxidized GSSG) was detected using a recycling system by 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The levels of the indices were determined in the serum of 52 patients before surgery, two hours and five days after surgery, and in 42 healthy women. Results: In the patients over 50 years old the level of MDA was higher after surgery in comparison with before surgery, and GST activity was lower in comparison with the control. The GSH + GSSG level in both ages groups after surgery was lower than in the control. Significant differences of MDA level were detected in patients with stage III after surgery compared to the control. The level of GSH + GSSG was significantly lower in the patients with I–III stages compared to the control. Conclusion: The most expressed changes demonstrate the significance of MDA as a marker to evaluate oxidative stress in breast cancer patients. The degree of oxidative stress depends on the patient’s age and stage of disease. (1) Malondialdehyde can be used as an oxidative stress marker; (2) A higher stage of the disease and older age correspond to a higher rise of malondialdehyde, suggesting more intensive oxidative stress.
Highlights
Breast cancer is one of the most relevant of women’s health issues worldwide
According to the results obtained by Prabasheela and co-authors [16], the lipid peroxidation level—which was estimated by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)—and the conjugated dienes and hydro peroxides in the serum of breast cancer patients after surgery was lower than the level before surgery
El-Hefny and co-authors [18] found no significant differences in the MDA level in breast cancer patients prior to the surgery compared to three weeks after surgery, while Szychta and co-authors [27] estimated that surgery for breast cancer induces an increase in oxidative damage to membrane lipids, when MDA + 4-MDA was measured in the early post-operative period (24 hours after surgery)
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the most relevant of women’s health issues worldwide. Within the category of causes of death, breast cancer is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors in women [1]. Trauma caused by surgery is associated with excessive generation of ROS and/or a decreased antioxidants level in cells This imbalance between ROS and the impaired antioxidant defense results in oxidative stress [7]. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress before and after breast cancer surgery. Results: In the patients over 50 years old the level of MDA was higher after surgery in comparison with before surgery, and GST activity was lower in comparison with the control. Significant differences of MDA level were detected in patients with stage III after surgery compared to the control. The level of GSH + GSSG was significantly lower in the patients with I–III stages compared to the control. Conclusion: The most expressed changes demonstrate the significance of MDA as a marker to evaluate oxidative stress in breast cancer patients. The degree of oxidative stress depends on the patient’s age and stage of disease. (1) Malondialdehyde can be used as an oxidative stress marker; (2) A higher stage of the disease and older age correspond to a higher rise of malondialdehyde, suggesting more intensive oxidative stress
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