Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize adsorbent from palm kernel shell (PKS) namely, activated carbon (AC) impregnated with magnesium oxide (AC-PKS-Mg) via hydrothermal process for palm oil effluent treatment. The structure and the morphology of biomass-based activated carbons were studied in detail using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BET-BJH), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) techniques. The biosorbents were tested for treating palm oil effluent using iron oxide/peroxide-assisted adsorption. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups and CH stretching attributed to the lignocellulose characteristics of the bio sorbents. The iron oxide/peroxide-assisted adsorption confirmed that activated carbon-palm kernel shell-magnesium oxide (AC-PKS-Mg) achieved a highest color removal of 94.5 % and 83 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at pH 3 within 10 min using 1.1 g/L of adsorbent, 250 mg/L of oxidant and 130 mg/L of iron oxide compared to AC-PKS. The pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics for AC-PKS-Mg, indicating that chemisorption is predominant. Also, the results of the regeneration capacity test clearly show that the adsorption capacity of AC-PKS-Mg has not been significantly weakened after four adsorption–desorption processes, which indicates that the adsorbent is a promising material in the field of adsorption.
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