Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized forms of cholesterol generated from cholesterol by auto-oxidation, enzymatic processes, or both. Some of them (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol), when used at cytotoxic concentrations on different cell types from different species (mesenchymal bone marrow cells, monocytic cells and nerve cells), induce a type of cell death associated with OXIdative stress and several characteristics of APOPTOsis and autoPHAGY, defined as oxiapoptophagy. Oxidative stress is associated with overproduction of ROS, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Apoptosis is associated with activation of the mitochondrial pathway, opening of the mitochondrial permeability pore, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, PARP degradation, nuclear condensation and/or fragmentation. Autophagy is characterized by autophagic vacuoles revealed by monodansylcadaverine staining and transmission electron microscopy, plus increased ratio of LC-3II/LC-3I. In addition, morphological, topographical and functional changes of the peroxisome are observed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
