Oxaliplatin triggered hypersensitivity reactions in colorectal cancer patients: Case report

Abstract

Colorectal cancer stands as a significant global health concern, encompassing adenocarcinoma of both the colon and rectum. Recognized risk factors include advancing age and medical history of inflammatory bowel conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy agent, serves as the frontline treatment for colorectal cancer due to its cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells. However, its use is not without complications, as hypersensitivity reactions can occur, posing challenges in patient management. This case report discusses two instances where patients undergoing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer developed grade two hypersensitivity reactions following oxaliplatin administration, the Naranjo probability scale was used to analyze the causation of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and a score of 6 was obtained, indicating oxaliplatin as a probable cause of the hypersensitivity reactions. In both cases, treatment was promptly halted upon manifestation of symptoms, and patients were administered intravenous steroids along with anti-histamines. This intervention resulted in significant improvement in the patients' conditions. Both genders are equally susceptible to such reactions, emphasizing the need for gender-neutral awareness and precautionary measures among medical practitioners. This case report serves as a reminder of the potential adverse effects associated with oxaliplatin therapy in colorectal cancer patients. Heightened awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the risk of hypersensitivity reactions is imperative to ensure timely detection and appropriate management, thereby optimizing patient outcomes. Consequently, while giving oxaliplatin to cancer patients, healthcare professionals need to use extreme caution.