Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound that has shown a wide range of anti-tumour activity in metastatic cancer and in multiple cell lines. It contains a diaminocyclohexane carrier ligand and is one of the least toxic platinum agents. In the past decade, the use of oxaliplatin for the treatment of colorectal cancer has become increasingly popular because neither cisplatin nor carboplatin demonstrate significant activity. Similar to cisplatin, oxaliplatin binds to DNA, leading to GG intra-strand crosslinks. Oxaliplatin differs from its parent compounds in its mechanisms of action, cellular response and development of resistance, which are not fully understood. Like most chemotherapeutic agents, efficacy of oxaliplatin is limited by the development of cellular resistance. ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) mediated nucleotide excision repair pathway appears to be the major pathway involved in processing oxaliplatin, because the loss of mismatch repair does not lead to oxaliplatin resistance. Recent findings support the involvement of many genes and different pathways in developing oxaliplatin resistance. This mini-review focuses on the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on cell lines with special emphasis on colorectal cell lines.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men and women in the United States
They play a primary role in the treatment of small cell and non-small-cell lung, cervical, head and neck, colorectal and bladder cancer [2]. The platinum drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are used to treat a broad range of cancers; in most cases, their efficacy is limited by the development of resistance [3]
It is important to note that oxaliplatin is more active in colon cells [6], and that cisplatin-resistant cell lines are sensitive to oxaliplatin [7, 8]
Summary
Platinum drugs have a broad range of activity against malignant tumours, they are active against germ cell tumours and epithelial ovarian cancer. They play a primary role in the treatment of small cell and non-small-cell lung, cervical, head and neck, colorectal and bladder cancer [2]. The platinum drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are used to treat a broad range of cancers; in most cases, their efficacy is limited by the development of resistance [3]. There are some differences between compounds belonging to these families
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