Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever that most commonly occurred in Indonesia. The application of botanical insecticides is being developed as an alternative vector control. Botanical components have been reported as the potential alternative to inhibit the process of oviposition and fecundity suppression. This study aims to determine the oviposition deterrent activity and ovicidal effects of ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves against Aedes aegypti. Oviposition deterrent assay was conducted on twenty bloodfed females in a cage (40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm). One treated oviposition trap and one control oviposition trap were placed in the opposite corner of the cage. Four replicates were performed for each concentration. The eggs were counted and analyzed after 72 hours of trial. Ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves have antioviposition effect on female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti at 400 ppm (effective repellency / ER = 56.38%; oviposition active index/OAI = -0.39) and 500 ppm (ER = 66.4%; OAI = -0.49). In the ovicidal assay, twentyfive eggs are used for determination ovicidal effect and five replicates were performed for each concentration. The hatched larvae were collected and counted daily. The ethanolic extract of Pometia pinnata leaves at 0.05%, 0,1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.25% concentration have ovicidal activity of 11%, 28%, 87%, 94%, and 98% against Aedes aegypti eggs, respectively. This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves could be a potential alternative in controlling the dengue vector.
Highlights
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue fever in tropical countries, such as Indonesia
The purpose of this study was to assess the oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities of Pometia pinnata leaves extract against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
All of the female Ae. aegypti were put their eggs in each oviposition trap either containing Pometia pinnata leaves extract or containing only distilled water
Summary
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue fever in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. One of the strategies to reduce the number of dengue vectors is by inhibiting its life cycle [1]. The use of chemical insecticides at mosquitos breeding had been proven to reduce the mosquito populations, but leading to adverse environmental and non-target organism effects and cause resistance [2]. The outspread and evolution of resistance of insecticide is a big problem for the dengue vector controls [3]. The awareness that the use of chemical insecticides has negative impacts encourages research to look out for environment-friendly innovative strategies to target mosquitoes [2,4]. Phytochemicals from plant extract have been reported potential as alternative methods against vector mosquitoes due to their ability to control mosquitoes in various ways such as to cause growth inhibition, ovicidal activity, oviposition deterrence, and fecundity inhibition
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