Abstract
Objective: To observe association of factors such as nutritional factors, physical activities and systemic factors with overweight and obesity among 25 to 60 years old women. Study Design: A quantitative household survey. Place and Duration: The survey was carried out in all ten towns of Lahore, Pakistan from 4th January 2016 to 4th May 2016. Methodology: The research investigated 3239 women (25 to 60 years of age) through multistage sampling technique; from which two neighboring localities were randomly selected; found 1106 women were overweight and 449 were obese whereas, 1684 females were normal weights who were excluded from the research study. Results: Factors were found significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Among nutritional factors such as fast food and snacks have p-value 0.000, whereas, daily food intakes have p-value 0.001. Physical activities such as housework activities have p-value 0.000; whereas, both regular exercise and time spent on TV/Computer per day have p-values 0.001. Systemic factors such as systemic diseases have p-value 0.001 whereas family history of overweight and obesity and women using medications both have p-value 0.000. Conclusion: The study concluded that overweight and obesity was positively associated with nutritional factors, physical activities and factors such as genetics, use of medications and systemic diseases among women 25-60 years.
Highlights
The studies done from all over the world have shown that overweight and obesity are global public health problems, among women belonging to urban settings
The study concluded that positive association exists between Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, whereas low physical activity found to be as an independent risk factor of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.7 with 15% CI: 1.1-2.5 and p = 0.03)
A positive association was found between nutritional factors with overweight and obesity; such as fast food and snacks has p-value 0.000, whereas daily food intake has p-value 0.001
Summary
The studies done from all over the world have shown that overweight and obesity are global public health problems, among women belonging to urban settings. High fat diet (such as fast food, snacks) and lack of physical activity all lead to increase in Body Mass Index[4,5]. The study concluded that positive association exists between Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, whereas low physical activity found to be as an independent risk factor of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.7 with 15% CI: 1.1-2.5 and p = 0.03). No previous study conducted in Pakistan on factors such as nutritional factors and physical activities causing overweight and obesity among women. The present study was carried out to communicate factors associated with overweight and obesity among 25 to 60 years women in Lahore, Pakistan. Systemic diseases, use of medications, family history of weight gain, stress and anxiety due to deviations in social setup and the environmental factors and decrease in physical activities in women can result in overweight and obesity. This research is being done on women as they have rich body fats than men and in the above-mentioned circumstances; a remarkable increase of overweight and obese women can be noted
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