Overview on Management of Acute Glomerulonephritis in the ED

Abstract

The word "glomerulonephritis" refers to a group of kidney illnesses marked by immune-mediated destruction to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia. Acute Kidney Injury episodes in glomerular disease are typically caused by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). acute glomerulonephritis is caused by immunologically mediated damage caused by numerous infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, or protozoa, as well as non-infectious causes such as Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP). The most prevalent infectious cause is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). The emergency physician must conduct a thorough physical examination and obtain a complete medical history, including herbal agents, sports supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcineurin inhibitors, among other medications. In addition, the patient's blood pressure, weight, hydration status, edoema, skin manifestations, pulmonary and cardiac examinations must all be correctly monitored. Because there is no particular medication for renal illness, the treatment for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is mostly supportive. The underlying infections must be addressed when acute glomerulonephritis (GN) is accompanied with chronic infections. The critical care unit's expertise may be required for the treatment of individuals with hypertensive encephalopathy or pulmonary edoema. A nephrologist's consultation may be necessary. Renal function, blood pressure, edoema, serum albumin, and urine protein excretion rate should all be evaluated on an outpatient basis. In this article, we will be reviewing Acute glomerulonephritis, its evaluation as well as management.