Abstract
The capture and utilisation of CO2 is becoming progressively one of the significant challenges in the field of energetic resources. Whatever the energetic device, it is impossible to avoid completely the production of greenhouse gas, even parting from renewable energies. Transforming CO2 in a valuable fuel, such as alcohols, CO or even C, could constitute a conceptual revolution in the energetic bouquet offering a huge application domain. Although several routes have been tested for this purpose, on which a general panorama will be given here, molten carbonates are attracting a renewed interest aiming at dissolving and reducing carbon dioxide in such melts. Because of their unique properties, molten carbonates are already used as electrolytes in molten carbonate fuel cells; they can also provoke a breakthrough in a new economy considering CO2 as an energetic source rather than a waste. Molten carbonates science and technology is becoming a strategic field of research for energy and environmental issues. Our aim in this review is to put in evidence the benefits of molten carbonates to valorise CO2 and to show that it is one of the most interesting routes for such application.
Highlights
The capture and utilization of CO2 is becoming progressively one of the significant challenges in the field of energetic resources
Because of their unique properties, molten carbonates are already used as electrolytes in molten carbonate fuel cells; they can provoke a breakthrough in a new economy considering CO2 as an energetic source rather than a waste
If molten carbonate media have gained their reputation, it is surely due to their use in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) that have nowadays reached an advanced state of maturity and a first step toward commercial market entry (Cassir et al, 2012)
Summary
Microalgae, due to their photosynthetic activity, could be used to capture and valorize the CO2. The US start-up SOLIX1 has initiated commercialization of biofuel from CO2 proceeding from combustion smokes Biocatalysis It is the use of biochemical agents, as enzymes, to stimulate a chemical reaction and, obtain products by using less drastic operating conditions than in heterogeneous or homogenous catalysis. White et al accomplished this transformation by semi-optimized indium-based electrolyser stack powered by a photovoltaic panel They separated light absorption and CO2 reduction through the use of a commercial solar panel (White et al, 2014). Carbon nanofibers along with syngas (H2 + CO), traces of methanol, and some hydrocarbons (C2H2, allene) were produced by CO2 reduction by plasma-assisted in situ decomposition of water. Mahammadunnisa et al reported, for the first time, the simultaneous activation of carbon dioxide and water in a catalytic non-thermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge reactor operated under ambient conditions. For the reduction of CO to methane, NiO catalyst facilitates the conversion of CO into methane (Mahammadunnisa et al, 2013)
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