Overview of the multimessenger astronomy on the moon

Abstract

In this new age of multimessenger astronomy, we can explore the universe using the knowledge obtained from four cosmic messengers: electromagnetic radiation, gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. Together, they boost our cognitive potential. The moon is an excellent site for multimessenger astronomy owing to its preferable conditions of radio quietness, weak gravity, vacuum environments, and gentle moonquakes. Thus, a lunar laboratory is ideal for detecting signals from the Dark Ages, receiving Deci-Hertz gravitational waves, exploring the origin of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, and discovering exoplanets. Hence, moon-based observation proposals deserve serious consideration, and constructing a lunar science station may be helpful to further our exploration of cosmic mysteries. In this overview, we present a retrospective summary of the development status of lunar experiments and introduce the scientific significance of multimessenger astronomy on the moon.