Overview of the Marine Environment

Abstract

AbstractFish, cephalopod, shrimp, and other economic marine species are widely distributed in the ocean, but they are not evenly distributed in the ocean. This means that these marine economic species are not concentrated in all areas, nor can they form commercial fishing grounds in any sea area. A large number of scientific investigations and production practices have shown that the spatial distribution, life history, and resources of fish and other marine economic species are closely related to the marine environment, they are usually concentrated in the area around the front of the two currents and near waters of eddy, so it is very important to understand and master the state of the ocean environment, such as the shape of the ocean, the distribution of the ocean current, the distribution of the water temperature, and so on. This chapter briefly describes the division of the world’s oceans, the topography of the seabed and the ocean sediments, the concept of ocean circulation and its causes, the generation of upwelling and downwelling currents, and the distribution of the world’s ocean circulation; the distribution and characteristics of main currents in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Antarctic Ocean are described. Water temperature, nutrient salt, and primary productivity are the important environmental factors that affect the distribution of marine economic species, such as fish and the formation of fishing grounds, and are also the environmental factors that have been applied in fisheries forecasting. Therefore, this chapter briefly describes the distribution of water temperature, nutrient salt, and primary productivity in different sea areas of the world. To master the distribution law of ocean current, water temperature and other important environmental factors will help us to correctly carry out the research of fisheries forecasting and provide the theoretical basis for establishing scientific models of fisheries forecasting.KeywordsOcean currentWater temperaturePrimary productivityGlobal ocean