Abstract
Abstract. Accurate predictions of expected radiation dose levels on Mars are often provided by specific radiation transport codes that have been adapted to space conditions. Unsurprisingly, several of the main space agencies and institutions involved in space research and technology tend to work with their own in-house radiation codes. We present the codes that are related to the simulation of the radiation on Mars' surface under different scenarios. All of these codes have similar fields of application, but they differ with respect to several aspects, including the energy range and types of projectiles considered as well as the models of nuclear reactions considered.
Highlights
The manned exploration and habitation of Mars is of great importance to humankind
The model includes up-to-date wavelength-dependent radiative properties of dust, water, ice clouds and gas molecules. It enables the characterization of the radiative environment in different spectral regions under a wide variety of conditions. It is worth exploring the role of dust in the Martian atmosphere (Retortillo et al, 2017), as it is quite a relevant aspect to consider when trying to reach the goal of improving these radiation transport codes
According to the methods considered, radiation transport codes can be classified into deterministic methods (HZETRN) and Monte Carlo methods (SHIELD, GEANT4, FLUKA, Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and HETC-HEDS)
Summary
The manned exploration and habitation of Mars is of great importance to humankind. While Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere protect us from cosmic radiation, Mars has no such a protective magnetosphere. Due to its thin atmosphere, instrumentation ( electronics) and astronauts are eventually exposed to considerably harmful levels of radiation. Over the course of about 18 months, the Mars Odyssey probe detected ongoing radiation levels that were 2.5 times higher than what astronauts experience on the International Space Station. A more detailed description of the Mars space radiation environment will be a critical consideration for every part of the astronauts’ daily lives. Cloud computing permits the user to adapt the infrastructure to the specific needs of each task in order to improve efficiency, which is of great importance in an environment with a limited power supply
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