Abstract
The improved knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying lymphomagenesis and the discovery of the critical role of tumor microenvironments have enabled the design of new drugs against cell targets and pathways. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) for targeted therapy in hematology. This review focuses on the efficacy results of the currently available targeted agents and recaps the main ongoing trials in the setting of mature B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The objective is to summarize the different classes of novel agents approved for mature B-cell lymphomas, to describe in synoptic tables the results they achieved and, finally, to draw future scenarios as we glimpse through the ongoing clinical trials. Characteristics and therapeutic efficacy are summarized for the currently approved mAbs [i.e., anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD) mAbs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and bispecific antibodies] as well as for SMIs i.e., inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling, proteasome, mTOR BCL-2 HDAC pathways. The biological disease profiling of B-cell lymphoma subtypes may foster the discovery of innovative drug strategies for improving survival outcome in lymphoid neoplasms, as well as the trade-offs between efficacy and toxicity. The hope for clinical advantages should carefully be coupled with mindful awareness of the potential pitfalls and the occurrence of uneven, sometimes severe, toxicities.
Highlights
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) encompass malignant tumors of the lymphoid tissues variously resulting from the clonal growth of B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, or originators of these cells
Immunotherapy agent treatments [i.e., anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and bispecific antibodies] as well as for small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are summarized in their mechanisms of action (Figure 1)—the results they achieved in mature B-cell lymphomas are described in synoptic tables and the ongoing clinical trials are detailed to draw, at a glance, a glimpse on future scenarios
For the currently approved mAbs for Lymphomas (Table 1) we recap in four groups the efficacy of (i) anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD) mAbs; (ii) immune checkpoint inhibitors; (iii) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy; and (iv) bispecific antibodies
Summary
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) encompass malignant tumors of the lymphoid tissues variously resulting from the clonal growth of B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, or originators of these cells. The remarkable and exponential understanding of intracellular processes that are deregulated during lymphomagenesis, such as signal transduction pathways, transcriptional and translational regulation, protein stability and degradation, cell cycle regulation, and mitosis and apoptosis, as well as the study of the microenvironment have led to the discovery and progress of new targeted therapies [10,11,12,13,14,15,16] These novel biological therapies include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) (i.e., growth factors or their receptors), vaccines, and genetic therapies. Immunotherapy agent treatments [i.e., anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD) mAbs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and bispecific antibodies] as well as for SMIs (i.e., inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling, proteasome and mTOR BCL-2 HDAC pathways) are summarized in their mechanisms of action (Figure 1)—the results they achieved in mature B-cell lymphomas are described in synoptic tables and the ongoing clinical trials are detailed to draw, at a glance, a glimpse on future scenarios
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
