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Abstract
This paper surveys the needs associated with environmental monitoring and longtermenvironmental stewardship. Emerging sensor technologies are reviewed to identifycompatible technologies for various environmental monitoring applications. Thecontaminants that are considered in this report are grouped into the following categories:(1) metals, (2) radioisotopes, (3) volatile organic compounds, and (4) biologicalcontaminants. United States regulatory drivers are evaluated for different applications (e.g.,drinking water, storm water, pretreatment, and air emissions), and sensor requirements arederived from these regulatory metrics. Sensor capabilities are then summarized according tocontaminant type, and the applicability of the different sensors to various environmentalmonitoring applications is discussed.
Highlights
Environmental monitoring is required to protect the public and the environment from toxic contaminants and pathogens that can be released into a variety of media including air, soil, and water
A need exists for accurate, inexpensive, long-term monitoring of environmental contaminants using sensors that can be operated on site or in situ
The results revealed a qualitative "chemical orthogonality" of the films useful for pattern recognition analysis
Summary
Environmental monitoring is required to protect the public and the environment from toxic contaminants and pathogens that can be released into a variety of media including air, soil, and water. Pesticide and herbicides are applied directly to plants and soils, and incidental releases of other contaminants can originate from spills, leaking pipes, underground storage tanks, waste dumps, and waste repositories. Some of these contaminants can persist for many years and migrate through large regions of soil until they reach water resources, where they may present an ecological or human-health threat. The ability to deploy and use emerging sensors for these applications is uncertain due to both cultural and technological barriers
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