Abstract
A robust design in electrified powertrains substantially helps to enhance the vehicle's overall efficiency. Robustness analyses come with complexity and computational costs at the vehicle level. The use of sensitivity analysis (SA) methods in the design phase has gained popularity in recent years to improve the performance of road vehicles while optimizing the resources, reducing the costs, and shortening the development time. Designers have started to utilize the SA methods to explore: i) how the component and vehicle level design options affect the main outputs i.e. energy efficiency and energy consumption; ii) observing sub-dependent parameters, which might be influenced by the variation of the targeted controllable (i.e. magnet thickness) and uncontrollable (i.e. magnet temperature) variables, in nonlinear dynamic systems; and iii) evaluating the interactions, of both dependent, and sub-dependent controllable/uncontrollable variables, under transient conditions. Hence the aim of this study is to succinctly review recent utilization of SA methods in the design of AC electric machines (EM)s used in vehicle powertrains, to evaluate and discuss the findings presented in recent research papers while summarizing the current state of knowledge. By systematically reviewing the literature on applied SAs in electrified powertrains, we offer a bibliometric analysis of the trends of application-oriented SA studies in the last and next decades. Finally, a numerical-based case study on a third-generation TOYOTA Prius EM will be given, to verify the SA-related findings of this article, alongside future works recommendations.
Highlights
Managing the environmental and energy requirements of road transport by vehicle electrification is a challenging task, because of the cost, computational time, and the complex nature of the powertrains
The main highlights of the work are to demonstrate how conventional Sensitivity analysis (SA) methods such as OAT and DOE/R may result in failure in such a dynamic system like EVs/ HEVs
ELECTRIC MOTORS IN ELECTRIFIED POWERTRAINS: STATE-OF-THE-ART This section reviews the latest findings on the component level of HEV/EV powertrains, in addition, we will propose a mapping of the linearity or nonlinearity behavior of main outputs, to examine whether the SA methods applied are suitable or not for that specific component in the literature
Summary
Managing the environmental and energy requirements of road transport by vehicle electrification is a challenging task, because of the cost, computational time, and the complex nature of the powertrains. Knowing the importance of corresponding design variables mentioned in (1-4) will offer new insights into how the energy consumption and powertrain, instant changes of speed due to driving behavior, speeding, and braking changes over time These changes can be evaluated under different standardized drive cycles, where application-oriented drive cycles are presented. The component level SA helps designers to optimize the electric motors performances in a wide-speedrange This does not allow them to evaluate the performance of the motor under real case driving cycles, where more nonlinearities occur due to the dynamic nature of the VOLUME 9, 2021. The main highlights of the work are to demonstrate how conventional SA methods such as OAT and DOE/R may result in failure in such a dynamic system like EVs/ HEVs. Less recognized, but increasingly significant, are uses of these existing SA methods on three critical parameters such as torque, power loss, and temperature. The main highlights and significant findings of the article are listed in Section IV, where future visions and recommendations are given
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