Overview of Piezoelectric Biosensors, Immunosensors and DNA Sensors and Their Applications.

Miroslav Pohanka

doi:10.3390/ma11030448

Abstract

Piezoelectric biosensors are a group of analytical devices working on a principle of affinity interaction recording. A piezoelectric platform or piezoelectric crystal is a sensor part working on the principle of oscillations change due to a mass bound on the piezoelectric crystal surface. In this review, biosensors having their surface modified with an antibody or antigen, with a molecularly imprinted polymer, with genetic information like single stranded DNA, and biosensors with bound receptors of organic of biochemical origin, are presented and discussed. The mentioned recognition parts are frequently combined with use of nanoparticles and applications in this way are also introduced. An overview of the current literature is given and the methods presented are commented upon.

Highlights

Piezoelectricity or piezoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon which refers to an ability of a material to produce voltage when mechanically stressed
Voltage given to surface of a piezoelectric material causes mechanical stress or oscillation when the voltage is alternating
Aluminum phosphate, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, crystalized topaz (Al2 SiO4 (F, OH)2 ), barium and lead titanate, gallium orthophosphate, quartz (SiO2 ), tartrate tetrahydrate (Rochelle salt), polyvinylidene fluoride, polylactic acids can be mentioned as typical piezoelectric materials [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]

Summary

Introduction

Piezoelectricity or piezoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon which refers to an ability of a material to produce voltage when mechanically stressed. Voltage given to surface of a piezoelectric material causes mechanical stress or oscillation when the voltage is alternating. Considering an analytical chemistry point of view, the piezoelectricity is well suitable for physical sensors and biosensors construction. The principle of such assay can be introduced by following a simplifying explanation. The alternating voltage causes mechanical oscillations of crystal and frequency of oscillations is measured as the crystal is put into oscillation circuit [12]. Analyte or any other mass bound on surface of crystal or more precisely on surface of electrodes located on the crystal results in change of oscillation frequency [13]. Biosensors is is provided provided and and relevant relevant facts facts regarding regarding to to their their use use are are

Piezoelectric

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Piezoelectric Platform

Covering

Genetic Information Using Piezoelectric Biosensors

Conclusions