Overview of Pathogens causing Nosocomial Infections in Various Wards of a Tertiary Health Care Hospital and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern - A Prospective Surveillance Study

D Saikeerthana,P Prabha,V Vijayashree,Gogula N.M Krishna

doi:10.22207/jpam.15.4.15

Abstract

The major problem encountered in recent days due to the advent of emerging antimicrobial resistance strains is Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). The spread of HAI is mainly through the hospital staff and the hospital settings’ inanimate surfaces. The study includes the surveillance of hospital surfaces, including wards and ICUs, by taking swabs dipped in normal saline. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (53.8%) was found to be the most common pathogen isolated, followed by Klebsiella species (18%), Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (16%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (6%), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3%). The widespread presence of bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobials and the modifications insensitivity forms the basis for designing antibacterial therapy’s practical recommendations and rational use of antimicrobials. Proper display of all Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials at appropriate places play a significant role in preventing nosocomial infections. Audiovisual aids and training to the staff play utmost importance in preventing the spread of HAIs. All these can reduce the occurrence and outbreak of nosocomial conditions. Overall, these minimize health care costs.

Highlights

Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) serves as one of the major threat in the medical field even after the beginning of much antimicrobial therapy and progress in supportive care management.[1]
Proper display of all Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials at appropriate places play a significant role in preventing nosocomial infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant organism isolated in major wards and ICUs, followed by Klebsiella species, Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Summary

Introduction

Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) serves as one of the major threat in the medical field even after the beginning of much antimicrobial therapy and progress in supportive care management.[1] The hospital environment, objects/instruments, and health-care workers are likely to get populated by various microbial agents. Disease transmission leads to morbidity and mortality due to contact with things handled by infected and colonized patients and direct communication with such patients[1,2] and at least 90,000 of them die due to HAI.[3,4] Healthcare-associated infections are the fifth major cause of death in critical-care hospitals. A summary of evidence has estimated the frequency of HAIs to be 7.6% in high-income countries and 10.1% in middleincome countries.[6]

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Discussion

Conclusion