Abstract
This article presents an overview of the transmission system and protection schemes employed in the national power grid of Oman. The technical design requirements considering the percentage of allowable limits for the different transmission voltage levels in the power grid of Oman were considered based on the electrical standards and grid codes of Oman. Also, the protection and fault requirements based on relay settings and backup protection were some of the factors considered in this study. More so, the power flow, peak, and off-peak voltage profiles of the main interconnection and Dhofar transmission systems were analyzed in detail, considering projections for 2021 and 2025, respectively, for effective energy management and smart grid operations. The current protection equipment of the power grid of Oman was evaluated, and some improvement schemes were proposed considering the implementation of the new technology for smart grid operation. The continuous investment in the transmission system of the Oman power grid and the use of updated protection technology would lead to the enhancement of the performance of the Oman transmission system to reach a high-level power transmission availability.
Highlights
The electricity transmission system is the essential part of the electricity network because it is the main channel between the generation plants and the distribution networks
The Oman Electricity Transmission Company (OETC) developed its own standards and policies along with the existing standards in order to overcome any challenges in the future investments on the transmission system, especially in the 400 kV system, for effective energy management
The continuous investment in the transmission system of Oman power grids and the use of updated protection technologies led to the enhancement of the performance of the Oman transmission system and a high power transmission availability of 98.972%
Summary
The electricity transmission system is the essential part of the electricity network because it is the main channel between the generation plants and the distribution networks. Analyzing the Oman power transmission network according to the structure, demand, adopted codes, and standards and the penetration of smart grids provides a clear and efficient understanding of the network nature, which is an essential task to overcome the challenges and enhance the network performance as well as provide a practical tool for future extension and increase in renewable energy penetration. According to the Main Interconnection Transmission System (MITS) strategic plan, the number of 400 kV grid stations in the system will be 19 grid stations by 2025, with a total capacity of 21,500 MVA, as shown in Figure 1 (Oman Electricity and Tran, 2011) These 400 kV grid stations will enhance the strength of the transmission network and lower the load level on 220 and 132 kV systems.
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