Abstract
In modern power systems, the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources has reduced the overall system inertia. However, the intermittent nature of wind power generation reduces frequency stability, which is a crucial issue. Consequently, modern power systems require that renewable energy sources, such as offshore wind farms, support the frequency regulation. High voltage direct current (HVDC) systems based on voltage source converters (VSCs) are currently being used to connect wind farms with the main grid. By adjusting the DC-link voltage of the VSC-HVDC, a capacitor can absorb or release energy to provide frequency support. In addition, the VSC-HVDC system can coordinate wind farms to support frequency regulation and thereby achieve better performance. Thus, this paper reviews and compares various frequency-control strategies for a VSC-HVDC-connected wind farm. This work implements in PSCAD/EMTDC a simulation of typical frequency-control techniques to verify their effectiveness and robustness. Furthermore, this paper shows the advantages and drawbacks of each frequency regulation method. Other auxiliary services for supporting frequency regulation, such as by energy storage systems, are also discussed. Finally, this paper provides complete recommendations for frequency regulation techniques for VSC-HVDC-integrated wind farms.
Highlights
Modern power systems are facing a succession of challenges of frequency stability, owing to the increasing penetration of wind energy [1]
SIMULATION RESULTS To validate the control methods described in Section III, this paper implements these methods by PSCAD/EMTDC
This study investigated and compared various frequency regulation (FR) techniques from wind turbines (WTs), voltage source converters (VSCs)-High voltage direct current (HVDC), and Energy storage systems (ESSs)
Summary
Modern power systems are facing a succession of challenges of frequency stability, owing to the increasing penetration of wind energy [1]. The WF-side converters deploy the power-voltage droop characteristics to distribute power flows These aforementioned frequency control strategies for all-DC WFs rely mainly on the DC-bus voltage as a medium for transmitting the disturbance of grid frequency to a WF, which enables WTs to participate in frequency regulation. The authors in [33] proposed a classification of inertia control strategies for the VSC-HVDC based on the type of synchronization with the grid and the coordination between other generation sources: synchronized with and without phase-locked-loop (PLL), centralized control, and distributed control. Reference [34] reviewed the numerous existing control strategies, e.g., SG-based, swingequation-based, and droop-based topologies for the inverter to provide virtual inertia support These studies did not consider the dynamic behaviors of the WF in the FR structure.
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